Transitional Cell Carcinoma
From Kidney Cancer Resource
Contents |
Overview
Transitional Cell Carcinoma(TCC) is a type of cancer that originates in the Kidney, Bladder, Urethra or Ureters. It is the most common type of Bladder Cancer. It developes on/from the Transitional Epithelium lining found in these organs.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma includes renal urothelial carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, UC, papillary tumour, renal pelvic tumour, bladder tumour, bladder cancer
Probable Outcomes
Superficial bladder cancer has an extremely good prognosis with a vast majority (greater than 90%) of people being alive and well after 5 years, with a majority of them being cured.
Invasive bladder cancer however is different. If invasive bladder cancer is diagnosed early, the cure rate is still greater than 50% but if the tumour spreads to the regional lymph nodes this reduces survival to less than 50% over 5 years. Distant metastases is a bad sign as it means that the disease has spread and is obviously at a late stage in the tumours development.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma if diagnosed early enough not to have spread beyond the Renal pelvis nor involved lymph nodes has a good potential outcome after nephrectomy. Increasingly nephrectomy is conducted laparascopically or by hand assisted laparoscopy. There are positive signs that in many cases HIFU can be effective.
Details
Background:
Renal urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma is a malignant tumor arising from the transitional (urothelial) epithelium lining of the renal pelvis. Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) is the most common tumour of the renal pelvis.
Pathophysiology:
The predominant histologic pattern of UC is a papillary tumor with stratified, nonkeratinizing epithelium supported on a thin fibrovascular core.
Upper-urinary-tract urothelial tumors may be bilateral in 2-10% of cases. Patients with primary bladder cancer develop upper-tract UC in 2-4% of cases, with a mean interval of 17-170 months. The incidence is higher and the interval is shorter in patients who are treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for bladder cancer, in patients with bladder carcinoma in situ (CIS) (upper tract UC in these cases may reach 21%) and in those with certain occupational exposures (see Causes). Patients with upper-tract urothelial tumors are at risk of developing bladder tumors, with an estimated occurrence of 20-48%. Bladder cancer usually appears within 5 years.
UC accounts for more than 90% of renal pelvic tumors. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) account for 0.7-7% of upper-tract cancers.
Treatments
Regimens used in the treatment of this disease:
CMV (Cisplatin + Methotrexate + Vinblastine)
Gemcitabine
MVAC (Methotrexate + Vinblastine + Doxorubicin + Cisplatin)
Treatments used in this disease:
Intravesical BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine for immunotherapy)
Drugs used in the treatment of this disease:
(Mitomycin-C Kyowa)
Articles
References
Disclaimer
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